Low sidestream smoke cigarette with combustible paper having a modified ash

ABSTRACT

A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod, and a combustible treatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible particulate adjunct for said catalyst. Improvements are made in the treatment composition and/or the addition of metal oxides or carbonates thereto to improve ash characteristics.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to sidestream smoke reduction in burningcigarettes and other smoking products. More particularly, the inventionrelates to cigarette paper, cigarette wrapper, or a wrapper for a cigaror other like tobacco products for reducing visible sidestream smokewhile providing a modified ash.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various attempts have been made to reduce or eliminate sidestream smokeemanating from a burning cigarette. The applicant developed variousapproaches to cigarette sidestream smoke control systems as described inits Canadian patents 2,054,735 and 2,057,962; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,462,073and 5,709,228 and published PCT applications WO 96/22031; WO 98/16125and WO 99/53778.

Other sidestream smoke control systems have been developed which usefilter material or adsorptive material in the tobacco, filter or paperwrapper. Examples of these systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.2,755,207, 4,108,151 and 4,225,636; EP patent applications 0 740 907 and0 251 254; and WO 97/27831 and WO 99/53778. U.S. Pat. No. 2,755,207describes a low sidestream smoke cigarette paper. The cigarette paper onburning yields a smoke substantially free of obnoxious components. Thecigarette paper is cellulosic material in fibre form. It has intimatelyassociated therewith a finely divided mineral type siliceous catalystmaterial. The cigarette paper which is essentially non-combustible andrefractory remains substantially unchanged during combustion of thecigarette paper and functions like a catalyst in modifying thecombustion of the paper. Suitable siliceous catalysts includeacid-treated clays, heat-treated montmorillonite and natural andsynthetic silicates containing some hydrogen atoms which are relativelymobile. Suitable mixed silica oxides include silica oxides with alumina,zirconia, titania, chromium oxide and magnesium oxide. Other silicasinclude the oxides of silicon and aluminum in a weight ratio of 9:1 ofsilica to alumina.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,151 describes the use of a gamma alumina filler forcigarette paper which selectively reduces the organic vapor phaseconstituents in tobacco smoke. There is at least 50% by weight ofalumina filler in the cigarette paper for reducing the organic vaporphase constituents in a tobacco smoke. As a result there is a reductionin the visible sidestream smoke eminating from a burning cigarette. Thegamma alumina is most commonly known as activated alumina which isfinely pulverized to pass through a 300-mesh screen.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,636 describes the use of carbon in the cigarettepaper to reduce organic vapour phase components and total particulatematter found in sidestream smoke. In addition, the carbon results in asubstantial reduction in visible sidestream smoke emitting from aburning cigarette. Activated carbon is preferred as the carbon source.The use of the activated carbon results in a slight drop in visiblesidestream smoke. Up to 50% of the cigarette paper may be finely dividedcarbon. The carbon-coated papers may be used as the inner wrap for thetobacco rod in combination with a conventional cigarette.

European patent application 0 740 907 published Nov. 6, 1996 describesthe use of zeolites in the tobacco of the cigarette to alter thecharacteristics of the mainstream smoke and in particular remove variouscomponents from the mainstream smoke such as some of the tars. Thezeolite as provided in the tobacco, also apparently change thecharacteristics of the sidestream smoke. The zeolites used were of aparticle size between 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm.

European application 0 251 254 describes the use of a high superficialsurface area filler in cigarette paper. The fillers are generallycrystals and solids having surface areas of at least 20 m²/g. Thefillers are preferably, peroxides, carbonates, phosphates, sulphates,aluminates and silicates. It is taught that porous fillers such aszeolites are not preferred in cigarette paper and are taught asfunctioning similarly to conventional chalk.

Published PCT patent application WO 97/27831 describes the use of adealuminated zeolite for absorbing nonpolar or weakly polar moleculesform a polar liquid or gas. Effective amounts of the powereddealuminated zeolite may be incorporated in cigarette paper to reducethe carbon monoxide in sidestream smoke. The step of dealuminatingaluminous zeolite renders the zeolite hydrophobic so as to affectabsorption and removal of the nonpolar and weakly polar molecules whicheven happens in the present of water.

Published PCT patent application WO 99/53778 describes a non-combustiblesheet of treatment material for reducing sidestream smoke emissions. Thesheet is used as a wrap and is applied over conventional cigarette paperof a conventional cigarette. The wrap has a very high porosity to allowthe cigarette to burn at or close to conventional free-burn rates whileat the same time reduce visible sidestream smoke emissions. Thenon-combustible wrap includes non-combustible ceramic fibres,non-combustible activated carbon fibres as well as other standardmaterials used in making the wrap. The wrap also includes zeolites orother similar sorptive materials and an oxygen donor/oxygen storagemetal oxide oxidation catalyst. The non-combustible wrap provides anacceptable degree of sidestream smoke control, however, due to thenon-combustible nature of the wrap, a charred tube remains.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,433,697 and 4,915,117 describe the incorporation ofceramic fibres in a cigarette paper manufacture. U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,697describes at least 1% by weight of certain ceramic fibres in the paperfurnish in combination with magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxidefillers to reduce visible sidestream smoke emanating from the burningcigarette. The furnish of fibre pulp, ceramic fibres and fillers areused to make a paper sheet on conventional paper making machines. Theceramic fibres may be selected from the group of polycrystallinealumina, aluminum-silicate and amorphous alumina. A filler of magnesiumhydroxide or magnesium oxide is used and is coated on or applied to thefibres of the sheet.

Ito, U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,117 describes a non-combustible sheet forholding tobacco. The thin sheet is formed from ceramic materials whichupon burning produces no smoke. The ceramic sheet comprises a woven ornon-woven fabric of ceramic fibre or a mixture of paper and ceramicsthermally decomposed at high temperature. The ceramic fibre may beselected from inorganic fibres such as silica fibre, silica-aluminafibre, alumina fibre, zirconia fibre, or alumino borosilicate and glassfibre. The ceramic sheet is formed by binding these materials byinorganic binders such as silica gel or alumina gel. The fibres arepreferably 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter.

Published PCT patent application WO 01/41590 describes the use ofceramic materials in cigarette wrappers to reduce sidestream smoke. Theceramic filler which is incorporated in the cigarette wrapper using abinder has particle size in range of 2-90 μm. The ceramic filler is of apredefined shape which is spherical or substantially spherical, oval orsubstantially oval or another irregular shape approximating thereto. Theceramic filler may be alumina, silica, an alumino-silicate, siliconcarbide, stabilised or un-stabilised zirconium oxide, zircon, garnet,feldspar and the like. The ceramic filler is provided in the cigarettewrapper at greater than 40% by weight of the dry materials in the slurrythat is used to produce the wrapper. The binder may be an alginate, agum, cellulose, pectin, starch or Group I or II metal salts of thesebinders. The resultant wrapper has a porosity usually less than 200Coresta Units and is preferably in the range of 2-100 Coresta Units. Thewrapper has a density of 0.5-3.0 g/cm³. The wrapper is preferably usedas an overwrap for a porous non-smokeable plugwrap tobacco rod havingporosities of about 12,000 Coresta Units.

Sol gels have been applied to conventional cigarette paper in order toreduce sidestream smoke, particularly sol gels made from a magnesiumaluminate, calcium aluminate, titania, zirconia and aluminum oxide, asdescribed in Canadian Patent 1,180,968 and Canadian Patent application2,010,575. Canadian Patent 1,180,968 describes the application ofmagnesium hydroxide in the form of an amorphous gel as a cigarette paperfiller component to improve ash appearance and sidestream smokereduction. The magnesium hydroxide gel is coated on or applied to thefibres of the sheet of the cigarette paper. Canadian patent application2,010,575 describes the use of gels produced by a solution gelation orsol-gel process for controlling the combustion of wrappers for smokingarticles. The gels may be applied as coatings to paper fibres before thepaper is formed into wrappers. The wrappers are useful for reducingvisible sidestream smoke. The metal oxides for the sol gels may beoxides of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, sodium, potassium or calcium.

Published German patent application DE 3508 127 describes a novelty typecigarette which produces a shower of sparks when smoked. This isachieved by incorporating a granular misch metal in the form of ceriumferrite or silico-cerium in the cigarette paper. When the cigarette issmoked particularly in dark spaces the burning cigarette gives offsparks along with a bright light effect. The cerium ferrite particlesincorporated in the cigarette paper usually have a particle size ofabout 20 μm.

Catalysts have also been directly applied to cigarette paper, such asdescribed in Canadian Patent 604,895 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,838.Canadian Patent 604,895 describes the use of platinum, osmium, iridium,palladium, rhodium and rhuthenium in the cigarette paper. These metalsfunction as oxidation catalysts to treat vapours arising from combustionof the paper wrapper. Optimum catalytic effect has been provided by themetal palladium. The metal particles in a suitable medium are dispersedonto the face of a paper wrapper before it is applied to the cigarette.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,838 describes the use of a sol solution comprising amixture of iron and magnesium as a smoke suppressive composition. Thesmoke suppressive composition is made by co-precipitating iron andmagnesium from an aqueous solution in the presence of a base. The ironmagnesium composition demonstrates high surface area of approximately100 m²/g to approximately 225 m²/g when heated to a temperature between100° C. and approximately 500° C. The iron magnesium composition may beadded to paper pulp which is used to make smoke suppressive cigarettepaper. The iron magnesium composition apparently functions as anoxidation catalyst and reduces the amount of smoke produced by theburning cigarette. The catalyst may also be applied to the tobacco, forexample, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,251, palladium, either inmetallic form or as a salt, may be applied to the tobacco. The presenceof palladium in tobacco reduces the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inthe mainstream smoke. Palladium is used in combination with an inorganicsalt or nitric or nitrous acid. Such nitrates include lithium, sodium,potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, lanthanum,cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium,erbium, scandium, manganese, iron, rhodium, palladium, copper, zinc,aluminum, gallium, tin, bismuth, hydrates thereof and mixtures thereof.Catalysts have also been used in tubes to reduce sidestream smoke suchas described in published PCT application WO 98/16125.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,799 describes a composition comprising cerium oxideand zirconium oxide in particulate form and having a high surface areausually in excess of 35 m2/g. The composition is made byco-precipitating cerium and zirconium species from a solution at anelevated temperature, which is then separated and dried at temperaturesbetween 80-300° C. and then calcined at temperatures between 200 and1,200° C.

Catalytic materials have been used in aerosol types of cigarettes whichdo not produce sidestream or mainstream smoke per se, but instead aflavoured aerosol. Examples of these aerosol cigarettes include thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,040,551, 5,137,034 and 5,944,025, whichuse catalysts to provide the necessary heat generation to develop theaerosol. Such catalyst systems include oxides of cerium, palladium orplatinum.

A variety of sidestream smoke control systems have been contemplated inthe prior art but none of them contemplate a combustible cigarette paperwhich burns like a normal cigarette without appreciably affectingcigarette taste and has an acceptable ash.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with various aspects of this invention, cigarette paper,cigarette wrapper, wrapper for a cigar or other like tobacco products isprovided for reducing visible sidestream smoke with an improved ormodified ash.

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, in a low sidestream smokecigarette having a conventional tobacco rod and a combustible treatmentpaper, said treatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatmentcomposition comprising an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidationcatalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided particulateadjunct for said catalyst, the improvement comprising the use of a solidsolution of particulate mixed metal oxides as said catalyst and saidadjunct.

The oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst as part ofthe solid solution is preferably selected from the group consisting oflanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide andmixtures thereof. The adjunct which is also part of the solid solutionis preferably selected from the group of metal oxides consisting ofzirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide andmixtures thereof.

The solid solution of mixed metal oxides may further include in thesolid solution metal catalyst selected from the group consisting ofpalladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide and mixtures thereof. Preferred mixed oxides of thesolid solution are cerium/lanthinum mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium mixedoxide, cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/neodymium mixed oxide and mixtures thereof.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a low sidestreamsmoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod and a combustibletreatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition, thetreatment composition comprises an oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst, an essentially non-combustible adjunct for saidcatalyst and a metal oxide for modifying ash characteristics.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the adjunct maycomprise a mixed metal oxide or carbonate filler used in conjunctionwith a zeolite based material. The zeolite based material is preferablyin an amount ranging from about 0.1% to 35% by weight of the total dryweight of the composition, although the amount could be higher. Themixture of metal oxides may include mixtures of zirconium oxide, tinoxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, alumina, cerium oxide tin oxide,iron oxide, manganese oxide, calcium carbonate, zirconium carbonate,magnesium carbonate and mixtures thereof. The metal oxides may be ofvarious surface areas and most preferably either low surface area in therange of about 5 to 15 m²/g and high surface area of over 20 m²/g. Acerium oxide hydrate sol may be applied to the adjunct, for example, themetal oxides to provide increase catalytic activity.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the oxygen storageand donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst material preferably includelanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide andmixtures thereof. Oxidation catalyst of the precious metal andtransition metal type may also be included such a palladium, platinum,rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide andmixtures thereof. These catalyst may also be fixed on the adjunct or theash modification material or as part of the solid solution of the mixedoxides.

The sidestream smoke treatment composition may be incorporated in thecombustible treatment paper, coated on the combustible treatment paper,impregnated into treatment paper or a combination of the above steps.The treatment paper may be double wrapped and be of the same ordifferent compositions. One of the double wraps may be conventionalpaper. Alternatively, one of the double wraps may have a compositiondirected primarily to sidestream smoke reduction and the other doublewrap paper include a composition directed towards ash modification.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a low sidestreamsmoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod and a combustibletreatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition. Thetreatment composition comprises an oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible high surface areaadsorptive adjunct for the catalyst incorporated in said treatmentpaper. A coating of calcium carbonate is provided on an exterior surfaceof the treatment paper to modify ash characteristics.

For ease of description, whenever the term cigarette is used, it isunderstood to not only include smokable cigarettes but as well any formof wrapped smokable tobacco product, such as cigars, or the like.Whenever the term treatment paper is used, it is understood to encompasscombustible wrappers and the like which may be used on cigarettes,cigars, and the like. The wrapper may be used as a single layer ofcigarette paper or multiple layer of cigarette paper. The wrapper may beapplied as the sole layer of cigarette paper or as a wrap overconventional cigarette paper of a cigarette. The treatment paper mayinclude as its substrate conventional cigarette paper or similarcombustible product with a wide range of porosities. The conventionaltobacco rod encompasses tobacco compositions normally used in smokablecigarettes. These rods are to be distinguished from tobacco componentsused in aerosol cigarette.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawingswherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spray technique for applying thetreatment composition to a cigarette paper;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of extruding a film of the treatmentcomposition onto the cigarette paper;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of roll coating the treatment composition oncigarette paper;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the impregnation of a coating of thetreatment composition into the cigarette paper;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of mixing the treatment composition with thepaper pulp in the manufacture of cigarette paper;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a tobacco rod having the treatment paperof this invention applied thereto;

FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a tobacco rod having the treatmentcomposition sandwiched between two layers of cigarette paper as appliedto the tobacco rod; and

FIG.b 9 is a perspective view of a double wrap for the tobacco rod wheretreatment paper is applied over conventional cigarette paper.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with an aspect of this invention, the sidestream smoketreatment composition provides the desired degree of visible sidestreamsmoke control while at the same time providing a suitable ash of desiredcharacteristics. The sidestream smoke treatment composition of thisinvention comprises, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidationcatalyst used in combination with a non-combustible finely dividedporous particulate adjunct for the catalyst. As taught in applicant'sco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/954,432 filed Sep. 18,2001, it was unexpectantly found that when these two components are usedin combination either alone or with other constituents, a verysurprising degree of visible sidestream smoke control is provided. Ithas been found that with certain types of catalytic material and/oradjuncts, ash characteristics, such as, appearance can sometimes be lessthan acceptable due to, for example, discolouration, delamination anddefoliation. In accordance with this invention, enhancements have beenmade to the composition and in particular to the catalyst and/or adjunctto modify ash characteristics to provide for example an acceptableappearance, acceptable strength, colour, integrity and reduction orelimination of ash defoliation, delamination and the like.

The adjunct may be any suitable essentially non-combustible, finelydivided particulate material which does not affect the flavour and tasteof the mainstream smoke and does not give off any undesirable odours inthe sidestream vapours. The particulate material is physically stable atthe elevated temperatures of the burning cigarette coal. The adjunct mayhave a low surface area usually less than 20 m²/g and preferably 1 m²/gto 15 m²/g and most preferably 3 m²/g to 10 m²/g. It is understood forthe low surface area materials the particulates are finely ground andare usually not porous. However, as the surface area increases towards20 m²/g it is understood that the particles may be porous. Converselythe adjunct may also have a high surface area usually greater than 20m²/g and at this level of surface area usually the particulate materialis porous. The porous adjunct may have pores with an average diameter ofless than 100 nm (1000 Å). More preferably, the pores have an averagediameter of less than 20 nm (200 Å) and even more preferred are poreswith an average diameter of 0.5 to 10 nm (5-100 Å). With zeolite basedmaterials, the pores have an average diameter in the range of about 0.5to 1.3 nm (5-13 Å).

The particulate adjunct may have an average particle size of less thanabout 30 μm, more preferably less than about 20 μm and most preferablyranging from about 1 μm up to about 10 μm. Non-combustible materials maybe porous clays of various categories commonly used in cigarette papermanufacture, such as the bentonite clays or treated clays having highsurface areas. Non-combustible carbon materials may also be usedincluding milled porous carbon fibres and particulates. Various metaloxides and/or carbonates may be used such as porous monolithic mineralbased materials such as zirconium oxide, titanium oxides, magnesiumoxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganeseoxide, calcium carbonate, zirconium carbonate, magnesium carbonate andmixtures thereof, metal oxide fibres such as zirconium fibres and otherceramics such as milled porous ceramic fibres and mixtures thereof. Inrespect of cerium oxide, it has been found that it is capable offunctioning as a finely divided adjunct and as an oxygen storage anddonor cerium oxide oxidation catalyst. Other adjunct materials includehigh surface area materials such as activated carbon and zeolites.

The adjunct may also comprise high surface area highly sorptivematerials which are non-combustible, inorganic finely dividedparticulate, such as molecular sieves which include zeolites and mayalso comprise amorphous materials such as silica/alumina, zirconiumoxide, zirconium hydroxide and the like. Zeolites such as silicalitezeolites, faujasites X, Y and L zeolites, beta zeolites, Mordenitezeolites and ZSM zeolites are acceptable. Preferred zeolites includehydrophobic zeolites and mildly hydrophobic zeolites which have affinityfor hydrophobic and mildly hydrophobic organic compounds of suchsidestream smoke whereby water vapour is avoided. The zeolite materialsprovide a highly porous structure which selectively absorbs and adsorbscomponents of sidestream smoke. The highly porous structure generallycomprise macropores amongst the particles and micropores within theparticles which branch off of the macropores. It is believed that thecaptured components in the macropores and micropores in presence of thecerium oxide or other suitable oxidation catalysts at the hightemperature of the burning cigarette, converts such captured componentsinto oxidized compounds which continue to be trapped in the adsorbentmaterial or are released as invisible gases which have sufficiently lowtar and nicotine levels so that the sidestream is invisible or at a lowdesired level.

The zeolite materials may be characterized by the followingformula:M_(m)M′_(n)M″_(p)[aAlO₂.b SiO₂.cTO₂]

wherein

-   -   M is a monovalent cation,    -   M′ is a divalent cation,    -   M″ is a trivalent cation,    -   a, b, c, n, m, and p are numbers which reflect the        stoichiometric proportions,    -   c, m, n or p can also be zero,    -   Al and Si are tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Si atoms, and    -   T is a tetrahedrally coordinated metal atom being able to        replace Al or Si, wherein the ratio of b/a of the zeolite or the        zeolite-like material, has a value of about 5 to 300 and the        micropore size is within the range of about 0.5 to 1.3 nm (5 to        13 Å).

Preferred zeolites of the above formula, have the specific formulas offaujasites ((Na₂, Ca, Mg)₂₉[Al₅₈Si₁₃₄O₃₈₄].240H₂O; cubic), β-zeolites(Na_(n)[Al_(n)Si_(64-n)O₁₂₈] with n<7; tetragonal), Mordenite zeolites(Na₈[Al₈Si₄₀O₉₆].24H₂O; orthorhombic), ZSM zeolites(Na_(n)[Al_(n)Si_(96-n)O₁₉₂]˜16H₂O with n<27; orthorhombic), andmixtures thereof.

It is appreciated that various grades of the sorptive material may beused. This is particularly true with gradients of zeolites which can becustom designed to selectively adsorb, for example, high boiling pointmaterials, mid boiling point materials and low boiling point materials.This can lead to layers of the zeolite composition where the ceriumoxide or other suitable catalyst contemplated by this invention ispreferably dispersed throughout these layers. The layers may then bebound on cigarette paper for the tobacco rod by using a binder or anadhesive which may be, for example, polyvinylacetate, polyvinyl alcohol,carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), starches and casein or soya proteins,and mixtures thereof.

The oxygen donor and oxygen storage metal oxide oxidation catalyst maybe selected from the transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides,(such as scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide metal series, i.e. lanthanum)and mixtures thereof. It is appreciated that the catalyst may be in itsmetal oxide form or a precursor of the metal oxide which, at thetemperature of the burning cigarette, is converted to a metal oxide toperform its catalytic activities. The transition metal oxides may beselected from oxides of the group of metals from the Periodic Tableconsisting of groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII and IB metals and mixturesthereof. Preferred metals from the transition metal group are oxides ofiron, copper, silver, manganese, titanium, zirconium, vanadium andtungsten and from the rare earth group are oxides of lanthanide metalssuch as oxides of lanthinum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium andmixtures thereof. For example, cerium may be used in admixture with anyone of the transition metals such as Ce/Zr mixed oxide. It isappreciated that other metal oxide oxidation catalysts may be used withthe oxygen storage and oxygen donor type of catalyst. Such other metalcatalysts include precious metals and metals from groups IIA, IVA andmixtures thereof. Examples include palladium, platinum, rhodium, tinoxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide and mixtures thereof.

The cerium catalyst precursor may be in the form of a cerium salt suchas a cerium nitrate or other dispersible forms of cerium such as acerium sol made up of a cerium oxide hydrate or as it is also referredto as a cerium hydroxide which is applied in solution or sol to thesorptive material or to a paper as a coating and which is converted tocerium oxide at the high temperature of the burning cigarette to thenfunction as a catalyst. It is understood that the sol may be a lownitrate cerium oxide hydrate sol. For purposes of describing theinvention, the term catalyst is intended to include any catalystprecursor.

The catalyst such as, cerium oxide, is used in combination with theadjunct material. It has been found that when the two are used separatefrom one another or in spaced apart, non-adjacent layers, the ability tocontrol sidestream smoke is greatly reduced. Although in certainarrangements, some sidestream smoke control can be achieved. Preferablythe catalyst is substantially adjacent the adjunct material. This can beachieved by co-mingling the particulate catalyst, in admixture with theadjunct, contacting a layer of the adjunct with a catalyst layer,coating the catalyst on the adjunct or impregnating the catalyst withinor on the porous surfaces of the adjunct, to bring about the desiredsurprising sidestream smoke control properties. It should be appreciatedthat many other constituents may be used in addition to the combinationof the oxygen storage and oxygen donor metal oxide oxidation catalystand the adjunct. Additional additives may be used to further enhance thetreatment of the sidestream smoke or alter other characteristics of thecigarette. Such additional additives may be mixed in with the treatmentcomposition or used elsewhere in the cigarette construction, providingof course that such additives do not appreciably impact negatively onthe ability of the treatment composition to treat the sidestream smoke.

The composition may be formulated in a variety of ways which achieveco-mingling of the cerium with the adsorptive material. For example, theadsorptive material may be sprayed with or dipped in a cerium saltsolution such as cerium nitrate or cerium oxide hydrate sol toimpregnate the surface of the adsorptive material with cerium material.Cerium oxide may be prepared as a separate fine powder which is mixedwith the fine powder of the adsorptive material. It is particularlypreferred that the catalyst powders have an average particle size ofless than about 30 μm and preferably less than 20 μm and most preferablyabout 1.0 to 10 μm and more preferably 6 to 10 μm to ensure intimatemixing and co-mingling of the materials.

As a general guide to selecting catalyst particle size and surface area,it is appreciated by one skilled in the art that the selected catalysthas a surface area which is such to ensure that the catalyst activesites are available to the migrating sidestream smoke components. Thismay result in catalyst particle size being greater than 30 μm in certainembodiments, if the catalyst particles are properly distributed toachieve the necessary degree of sidestream smoke component oxidation.

It has been surprisingly found that the cerium oxide, particularly highsurface area cerium oxide, is one of the few metal oxides which canperform both functions of the invention, namely as the oxygen storageand oxygen donor catalyst and as well as the adjunct. The porous ceriumoxide particles can be made with the high surface areas and an averageparticle size required for the adjunct. The cerium oxide is used withthe cigarette paper in a first amount as the catalyst and a secondamount as the adjunct in the treatment composition. Such amounts of thecerium oxide correspond generally with the amounts used for the catalystand adjunct in accordance with other aspects of the invention to make upthe total loading. Alternatively the high surface area cerium oxides canbe used with adjuncts such as zeolites or other high surface metaloxides such as zirconium oxide or zirconium hydroxide.

The cerium may be formulated as a solution dispersion, such as ceriumoxide sol, or the like and applied to the sorptive material such aszeolite. It is then dried and fired to provide cerium oxide particlesfixed on the surfaces of the adsorptive material. When the cerium oxideparticles are fixed to adjunct surfaces such as surfaces of zeolite, theaverage particle size may be less than about 1.0 μm. The relativeamounts of cerium oxide fixed to the zeolite may range from about 1% to75% by weight based on the total equivalent cerium oxide and zeolitecontent. The preferred relative amounts of cerium oxide fixed to thezeolite may range from about 5% to 70% by weight based on the totalequivalent cerium oxide and zeolite content.

One possible method for making the combination product of cerium oxidefixed on the surfaces of the zeolite is described in published aco-pending application Ser. No. 60/318,878, entitled A Process ForMaking Metal Oxide-Coated Microporous Materials, filed in the U.S.Patent Office on Sep. 14, 2001, the subject matter of which isincorporated herein by reference.

The method generally involves making a catalytic cerium oxide-coatedzeolite particulate material having at least 1% by weight of ceriumoxide coated on outer surfaces of the zeolite particulate material,based on the total equivalent cerium oxide and zeolite content. In oneaspect, the method generally comprises the steps of:

-   -   i) combining an amount of a colloidal dispersion of cerium oxide        hydrate (cerium hydroxide) with a compatible zeolite particulate        material to form a slurry, the amount of the colloidal        dispersion being sufficient to provide, when heat treated as per        step (ii), greater than 20% by weight of the cerium oxide, the        zeolite particulate material having an average pore size of less        than 20 Å and the colloidal dispersion having an average        particle size of at least 20 Å, to position thereby, the        colloidal dispersion on the outer surfaces of the zeolite; and    -   ii) heat treating the slurry firstly, at temperatures below        about 200° C. and secondly, above about 400° C., to fix the        resultant cerium oxide on the outer surfaces of the zeolite        particulate material, to provide a free flowing bulk        particulate.

Some of the combinations for the treatment composition can result inwhat could be considered as unacceptable ash appearance. Unacceptableash appearance characteristics include delamination, defoliation, ashsmear, oily appearance and color. It was thought that various ashmodifiers could be added to the paper to improve ash appearance. Suchash modifiers include metal oxides and/or carbonates such as zirconiumoxide, titanium oxides, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide,tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calcium carbonate, zirconiumcarbonate, magnesium carbonate and mixtures thereof.

It is been found that the treatment composition may requiremodifications to improve ash characteristics. Such modifications mayinclude selection of a particular chemical or physical type of oxygendonor/oxygen storage catalyst and/or of the type of adjunct. Inparticular to enhance the color of the ash so that it is more a white orgray rather than a dark coal color, it has been found that reducedamounts of zeolite base material for the adjunct is appropriate. Thereduce amount of zeolite material based on the dry weight of the paperis preferably less than 35% by weight and more preferably less than 25%by weight and most preferably less than 15% by weight. It is appreciatedthat other types of fillers have to be added to compensate for thereduced amount of zeolite based adjunct. Suitable substitute metaloxides and/or carbonates include zirconium oxide, titanium oxides,magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide, calcium carbonate, zirconium carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate and mixtures thereof. Low or high surface areacerium/zirconium mixed oxides as a solid solution are preferred. Suchadjuncts may be made for example by co-precipitating zirconium andcerium species, drying the precipitate and then firing to form acrystalline solid solution product of high surface area cerium oxide andzirconium oxide. The ratio of cerium oxide to zirconium oxide in thiscrystalline structure may range from about 5:95 through to 95:5.Alternatively, the ratio may range from about 20:80 to 80:20 and mostpreferred ranging from about 50:50 to 80:20. This material in its highsurface area form also has catalytic properties and also provides foroxygen storage and donor properties where the zirconium oxide functionsas the adjunct for the cerium oxide.

In respect of the catalyst selection, there has also found thatcombinations with cerium oxide contribute to a better ash appearance.For example cerium oxide may be deposited on high surface area ceriumoxide, cerium oxide hydrate deposited on high surface areacerium/zirconium oxides, cerium oxide hydrate deposit and dried on ahigh surface area cerium oxide particle. Furthermore, oxidation catalystof the aforementioned precious metal or transition metal types may becombined with the cerium based materials such as palladium, platinum,rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, andmixtures thereof.

Solid solutions of mixed metal oxides are particularly preferred as theoxygen donor catalyst because of an improved lighter colour ash. Thesolid solution of the mixed metal oxides includes the oxygen donoroxygen storage oxidation catalyst and the adjunct. Preferred metaloxides in a solid solution as the oxygen donor oxygen storage materialinclude lanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymiumoxide and mixtures thereof. The preferred metal oxides as adjunctsinclude zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxideand mixtures thereof. Examples of these solid solutions includecerium/lanthinum mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium/praseodyniummixed oxide, cerium/zirconium/lanthinum/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/neodymium mixed oxide. These solid solutions of mixedoxides and other mixed oxides are readily available as commercial gradecatalyst and are available from any of a number of catalyst suppliers.Other alternatives to the solid solutions include physical mixtures ofzirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide with asolid solution for example cerium/zirconium mixed oxide solid solution.Other solid solutions and mixed oxides contemplated by this inventioninclude cerium/aluminum mixed oxide, cerium/magnesium mixed oxide,cerium/titanium mixed oxide.

The oxidation catalysts which maybe included in the solid solutions areusually present in trace amounts. Such catalyst include palladium,platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxideand mixtures thereof. They are usually included in the solid solutionsat levels less than 1% by weight of the total solid solution. Apreferred combination and in respect of the solid solution with traceamounts of other oxidation catalyst is a combination of the abovecatalyst with a solid solution of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide. It ispreferred that the above oxidation catalyst either individually ormixtures thereof be included in the solid solution. Althoughalternatively it is understood that the above catalyst or mixturesthereof maybe applied to the surfaces of the cerium/zirconium mixedoxide solid solution particulate material.

Multiple purpose solid solution of mixed oxides includeceria/zirconia/magnesia/titania/ where ceria makes up about 5% to about75% of the solid solution.

It has also been found that a coating on the wrapper of particulatecalcium carbonate is useful in improving ash characteristics. Aspreviously described the treatment composition maybe incorporated orcoated on a wrapper which is the sole wrapper for the tobacco rod. Asnoted above, one approach to improving ash is to reduce the amount ofthe absorptive adjunct such a zeolites and substitute therefor aselected metal oxide. Alternatively it has been found that particularlywith single wrappers having incorporation of the treatment composition,a coating of calcium carbonate on the exterior of the wrapper greatlyimproves the ash particularly from the stand point of appearance. It isquite surprising that a coating of particulate calcium carbonate couldhave this effect on improving the ash characteristics. Perhaps thecalcium carbonate chemically or physically binds constituents in thewrapper to produce a more uniform light to gray coloured ash. Theparticulate calcium carbonate maybe slurried with a suitable binder forcoating on the wrapper. Suitable binders include those commonly used incoating calcium carbonate on wrapper materials such apolyvinlylalcohols, starches, CMC, casein, soya, binding clays and otheracceptable binders or glues. The particulate calcium carbonate has aparticle size of that normally associated with its use as a filler inmanufacture of cigarette paper. The particle size is therefore usuallybelow 10 μm and preferably above 3 μm. Although some grades of calciumcarbonate less than 1 μm may also be useful.

The surprising activity of the sidestream smoke treatment compositionpermits its use in cigarette papers having a wide range of porosities.It has also been found that the composition does not have to be used incigarette papers that just have high porosities. The treatmentcomposition works equally well in papers with very low porosities ofabout 0.5 through to very high porosities of about 1,000 Coresta units.Preferred porosities are usually less than 200 Coresta units and mostpreferred porosities are usually in the range of about 15 to 60 Corestaunits. It is appreciated that the paper may be used as a double ormultiple wrap. The paper may be applied as an outer wrap over acigarette having conventional cigarette paper. It is appreciated thatdepending upon the porosity, certain combinations of the catalyst andadjunct may work better than others.

The composition may be simply sprayed onto either side or both sides ofthe cigarette paper and absorbed into the paper. As shown in FIG. 1, thepaper 10 is conveyed in the direction of arrow 12. The treatmentcomposition 14 as a slurry is sprayed by spray nozzle 16 onto the paper10 to provide a coating 18 which is dried on the paper. Alternatively,the composition may be extruded as a film to the surface of the paperand may be used as a single or multiple wrap. As shown in FIG. 2, a filmcoating device 20 contains the slurried treatment composition 14. Thefilm coater 20 lays a thin film 22 on the paper 10 which is conveyed inthe direction of arrow 12. The film is dried to provide a coating 24 onthe paper 10. With these arrangements, it is quite surprising that thevisual sidestream smoke from a burning cigarette virtually disappears.The treatment composition may be applied to a conventional cigarette onthe exterior of the cigarette paper.

Coating may be achieved by a roller applicator 26, as shown in FIG. 3.The treatment composition 14 is applied as a layer 28 on the roller 30.A doctor knife 32 determines the thickness of a layer 34 which is thenlaid onto the paper 10 which is conveyed in the direction of arrow 12.The layer is then dried to form a coating 36 on the paper 10.

Impregnation is achieved by using the coating roller 24 of FIG. 4 andthe resultant layer 36 with paper 10 is passed in the direction of arrow12 through pressure rollers 38 and 40 which force the layer of materialinto the paper 10 to thereby impregnate constituents of the treatmentcomposition into the paper.

It is also understood by one of skill in the art that various othercoating processes including transfer coating processes, may be used formaking the treatment paper of the invention. In the transfer coatingprocess, Mylar™ sheet or other suitable continuous sheet may be used totransfer a coating composition from the Mylar™ sheet to the surface ofthe cigarette paper. This type of transfer coating is useful when thesubstrate sheet may not readily accept the roll coating of a compositiondue to physical strength characteristics of the paper or the like.

A further alternative is to incorporate the treatment composition intothe manufacture of paper. The composition may be introduced to the paperfurnish as a slurry. With reference to FIG. 5, the treatment compositionin the furnish 42 is stirred by stirrer 44 to form a slurry in the tank46. The slurry is transferred in the conventional paper making mannerand is laid as a layer 48 on a moving conveyor 50 to form the resultantcigarette paper 52. As a result the treatment composition isincorporated in the final paper product.

Another alternative is to sandwich the treatment composition betweenpaper layers to form a double cigarette paper wrap on tobacco rods. Forexample, the composition may be applied such as by the sprayingtechnique of FIG. 1 on the interior of the outer paper and/or theexterior of the inner paper. Once the two papers are applied to thetobacco rod the composition as a layer is sandwiched between the twopapers. Each paper may be of half of the thickness of conventionalcigarette paper so that the double wrap does not add appreciably to theoverall diameter of the cigarette as is readily handled by cigarettemaking machines.

With reference to FIG. 6, the tobacco rod 54 has, for example, thecigarette paper 10 wrapped therearound with the coating 18 on theoutside of the paper. Conversely, as shown in FIG. 7, the cigarettepaper 10 can be applied with the coating 18 on the inner surface of thepaper adjacent the tobacco rod 54.

Another alternative, as shown in FIG. 8, is to sandwich the coating 18between cigarette papers 56 and 58. The papers 56 and 58 with theintermediate coating 18 may be formed as a single cigarette wrapperwhich is applied to the tobacco rod 54. A further alternative is shownin FIG. 9 where the tobacco rod 54 is covered with conventionalcigarette paper 60. Over the conventional paper 60 is the cigarettepaper 52 of FIG. 5 with the treatment composition incorporated therein.It is also appreciated that paper 52 with the treatment compositionincorporated therein may be applied directly to the tobacco rod 54.

In yet another alternative embodiment of the invention, variouscombinations for the sidestream smoke treatment paper may be provided ina double wrap configuration for example, a coated paper of FIG. 7 couldbe used as the inner layer of paper and a different paper could be usedas the outer layer of the double wrap which could be conventional paper.The inner layer paper could also be a paper having the treatmentcomposition incorporated therein such as that of FIG. 9. The inner layerpaper could be designed to provide for sidestream smoke reduction byincluding all the necessary components of the composition such an oxygenstorage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and the non-combustibleadjunct for the catalyst. Preferred examples of this type of compositionincludes a high surface area, cerium/zirconium mixed oxide with zeoliteand optionally enhanced with an oxidation catalyst such as platinum orpalladium. In a double wrap system, the amount of zeolite may exceed 30%and may be in the range for example of 50% to 60% by weight.

The outer layer of the double wrap may have a different composition andbe designed to provide for ash modifications to achieve desiredcharacteristics. For example, the outer paper may be designed to enhancenot only ash appearance but as well modify the burn rate of thecigarette and also minimized if not eliminate flare ups on lightning andpuffing of the cigarette. The outer layer may include, for example,metal oxides such as low surface area cerium oxide, solid solution ofcerium oxide/zirconium oxide, alumina, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide,tin oxide and the like. In addition cerium oxide hydrate may be coatedon the metal oxide materials of the outer layer to ensure sufficientoxygen is present to support combustion of the outer layer of thecigarette. The two layers when combined as a double wrap provideeffective control of visible sidestream smoke. The adjacent papers burnevenly to produce desired ash and the outer paper may function tominimize or eliminate the highly active oxygen donor material fromcausing flare ups.

The double wrap feature of the invention provides significantflexibility in the design of a low sidestream smoke cigarette. Theindividual sheets of the double wrap design has the selected treatmentcomposition impregnated, coated or incorporated in the respective sheet.Alternatively sheets that have a treatment composition incorporatedtherein may also be coated with the same or different treatmentcomposition to further enhance the sidestream smoke control and/or ashmodification. To demonstrate such flexibility in the design of the lowsidestream smoke cigarette, exemplary treatment composition for theinner and outer papers are as follows:—

Outer paper

-   -   i) High surface area of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide (75:25)+low        surface area zirconium oxide;    -   ii) High surface area alumina coated with cerium hydrate;    -   iii) Low surface area cerium oxide coated with cerium hydrate;    -   iv) High surface area zirconium oxide coated with cerium        hydrate; or    -   v) High surface area cerium/zirconium mixed oxide (25:75).

Inner paper

-   -   i) High surface area of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide (75:25)        enhanced with palladium catalyst+zeolite enhance with palladium        catalyst;    -   ii) High surface area of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide        (75:25)+zeolite enhanced with palladium;    -   iii) High surface area of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide        (75:25)+zeolite where the cerium/zirconium mixed oxide is        enhanced with palladium catalyst; or    -   iv) High surface area of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide        (75:25)+zeolite where the cerium/zirconium mixed oxide is        enhanced with platinum and tin catalyst.

These various compositions for the inner and outer papers may becombined in various combinations to provide for sidestream smoke controland ash improvement.

The preferred combination is a solid solution of high surface areacerium/zirconium mixed oxide (75:25) and zirconium oxide for the outerpaper. For the inner paper the preferred treatment composition is asolid solution of high surface area cerium/zirconium mixed oxide (75:25)enhanced with palladium catalyst plus zeolite enhanced with palladiumcatalyst. On a dry weight basis in the outer paper coating formulationhas 25% of high surface area cerium/zirconium mixed oxide and 75% of lowsurface area zirconium oxide. The inner paper on a dry weight basis hasabout 44% of high surface area cerium/zirconium mixed oxide and 56% ofzeolite both enhanced with palladium.

As is appreciated by one of skill in the art, the aforementionedprocedures for providing the sidestream smoke treatment compositionwithin or onto a desired cigarette paper may be varied with respect tothe loadings provided and the number of wraps used on a tobacco rod. Forexample, two or more papers with various loadings of the composition, onboth sides of the papers, may be used such that the loading to one sideis reduced, making the coating application easier.

With any of these combinations, it has been surprisingly found thatvisible sidestream smoke is virtually eliminated. At the same time, thecigarette paper demonstrates conventional ashing characteristics. It isparticularly surprising that the simple application of the compositionto the exterior of the cigarette paper can minimize to an almostundetectable level, visible sidestream smoke.

It is appreciated that depending upon the manner in which thecomposition is used and applied to a cigarette, various processing aidsand mixtures thereof may be required to facilitate the particularapplication of the treatment composition. Such processing aids includelaminating materials such as polyvinylalcohol, starches, CMC, casein,soya and other types of acceptable glues, various types of bindingclays, inert fillers, whiteners, viscosity modying agents, inert fibrousmaterial such as zirconium fibres and zirconium/cerium fibres, such asdescribed in U.S. application Ser. No. 60/318,614 entitledZirconium/Metal Oxide Fibres, filed Sep. 13, 2001, the subject matter ofwhich is incorporated hereby by reference.

Penetrating agents may also be employed to carry the composition intothe paper. Suitable diluents such as water are also used to dilute thecomposition so that it may be spray coated, curtain coated, air knifecoated, rod coated, blade coated, print coated, size press coated,roller coated, slot die coated, technique of transfer coating and thelike onto a conventional cigarette paper.

Desirable loadings of the treatment composition onto or into thecigarette paper, wrapper or the like is preferably in the range of fromabout 2.5 g/m² to about 125 g/m². Most preferably the loading is in therange of about 2.5 g/m² to about 100 g/m². Expressed as a percent byweight, the paper may have from about 10% to 500% by weight and mostpreferably about 10% to 400% by weight of the treatment composition.While these loadings are representative for single paper, it isunderstood by one skilled in the art that these total loadings may beprovided with the use of two or more papers.

The sidestream smoke reduction composition is used normally as a waterslurry of the composition. The make up of the dry composition which canbe made into a slurry, may vary depending on its use as a paper coating,incorporation or impregnation. For example the incorporation formulationmay contain by weight from about 10% to 33% of a cerium based catalyst,20% to 62% of an adjunct and 10% to 75% of an ash modifier. Anotheralternative may contain by weight about 10% to 25% of a cerium basedcatalyst, 40% to 55% of an adjunct and 20% to 50% of a zeolite which isother than the adjunct.

The slurry may be incorporated in the furnish of the paper in the papermaking process, or is coated onto the paper by various coating processesor impregnated into the paper by various impregnating methods. Thepreferred average particle size of the catalyst and adjunct for theslurry is in the range of about 1 μm to about 30 μm and most preferablyabout 1 μm to about 10 μm. The preferred relative amounts of catalystfixed to the adjunct may range from about 1% to 75% for cerium, morepreferably from about 10% to 70%, and even more preferably from about20% to 70% by weight based on the total equivalent catalyst and adjunctcontent. Less than 1% of other catalyst such as precious metal catalystmay be fixed to the adjunct.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been describedherein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvariations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of theinvention or the scope of the appended claims.

1. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette having a conventional tobacco rodand a combustible treatment paper, said treatment paper having asidestream smoke treatment composition comprising an oxygen storage anddonor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustiblefinely divided particulate adjunct for said catalyst, the improvementcomprising the use of a solid solution of particulate mixed metal oxidesas said catalyst and said adjunct.
 2. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 1, said oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst for the solid solution being selected from the groupconsisting of lanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide,neodymium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 3. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 1, said adjunct is selected from the group of metaloxides consisting of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxides,titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 4. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 1, said solid solution of mixed metal oxides furthercomprising an oxidation catalyst selected from the group consisting ofpalladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide and mixtures thereof.
 5. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 1, said solid solution of mixed metal oxides beingselected from the group consisting of cerium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/neodymium mixed oxide and mixtures thereof.
 6. In a lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 1, said solid solution being a highsurface area porous particulate.
 7. In a low sidestream smoke cigaretteof claim 6, said solid solution being a low surface area particulate. 8.In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 6, wherein said catalystand said adjunct is said high surface area cerium/zirconium mixed oxide.9. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 1, wherein a catalystselected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, tinoxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide and mixtures thereof iseither included in said solid solution of cerium/zirconium mixed oxideor is applied to the surface of said high surface area cerium/zirconiummixed oxide.
 10. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 9, whereinsaid cerium/zirconium mixed oxide has a particle size greater than about1 .mu.m.
 11. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 10, whereinsaid cerium/zirconium mixed oxide has a particle size less than about 30.mu.m.
 12. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 8, wherein saidcerium/zirconium mixed oxide have a ratio ranging from about 5:95 toabout 95:5.
 13. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 12, whereinsaid ratio is about 75:25 and said particle size is about 6 .mu.m to 10.mu.m.
 14. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 1, wherein saidtreatment composition is incorporated within said treatment paper at aloading rate of about 2.5 g/m.sup.2 to about 125 g/M.sup.2.
 15. In a lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 1, wherein said treatmentcomposition is coated on said treatment paper.
 16. In a low sidestreamsmoke cigarette of claim 8, wherein said treatment composition includesparticulate zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminumoxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calciumcarbonate, zirconium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and mixturesthereof.
 17. In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 8, whereinsaid treatment composition includes particulate zeolite.
 18. In a lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 17, wherein said zeolite is acarrier for an oxidation catalyst selected from the group consisting ofpalladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide, and mixtures thereof.
 19. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 8, wherein said treatment composition includeszirconium oxide.
 20. A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprising aconventional tobacco rod and a combustible treatment paper having asidestream smoke treatment composition, said treatment compositioncomprising an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst,an essentially non-combustible particulate adjunct for said catalyst anda metal oxide or carbonate for modifying ash characteristics.
 21. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 20, wherein said adjunct is a highsurface area particulate.
 22. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim21, wherein said particulate adjunct is a zeolite based material rangingfrom about 0.1% by weight of total dry weight composition to about 60%by weight of total dry weight composition and preferably less than 25%by weight and most preferably less than 15% by weight.
 23. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 21, wherein said ash modifying metaloxide or carbonate is selected from the group consisting of zirconiumoxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide,tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calcium carbonate, zirconiumcarbonate, magnesium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
 24. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 20, wherein said adjunct is asupport for a ceria sol to be applied thereto and dried.
 25. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 24, wherein said adjunct is highsurface area cerium oxide.
 26. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim20, wherein said oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalystis selected from a group consisting of transition metal oxides, rareearth metal oxides and mixtures thereof.
 27. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 26, wherein said transition metal oxides are selectedfrom the group consisting of oxides of group IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB,IB metals and mixtures thereof.
 28. A low sidestream smoke cigarette ofclaim 27, wherein said rare earth metal oxide is selected from the groupconsisting of oxides consisting of scandium, yttrium and lanthanidemetals and mixtures thereof.
 29. A low sidestream smoke cigarette ofclaim 20 wherein said lanthanide metals oxide are selected from thegroup consisting of lanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide,neodymium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 30. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 29, wherein said oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst and adjunct therefor is a solid solution of mixedmetal oxides where the adjuncts are selected from the group consistingof zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide andmixtures thereof.
 31. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of the precedingclaim 30, wherein said solid solution of mixed metal oxides comprises acatalyst selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum,rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide.
 32. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 20, wherein said solid solution ofmixed metal oxides includes cerium/lanthinum mixed oxides,cerium/zirconium mixed oxides, cerium/aluminum mixed oxides,cerium/magnesium mixed oxides, cerium/titanium mixed oxides,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxides, cerium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum/pra-seodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/neodymium mixed oxide.
 33. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 20, wherein said adjunct is selected from the groupconsisting of clays essentially non-combustible mill fibers, monolithemineral base materials, essentially non-combustible carbon, zeolytes andmixtures thereof.
 34. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 33,wherein said adjuncts are selected from the group consisting ofzirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, ceriumoxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calcium carbonate,zirconium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and mixtures thereof, metaloxide fibers and milled porous ceramic fibers and mixtures thereof. 35.In a low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 29, said solid solutionbeing a high surface area porous particulate.
 36. In a low sidestreamsmoke cigarette of claim 29, said solid solution being a low surfacearea particulate.
 37. A low sidestream of smoke cigarette of claim 23,wherein said ash modifying particulate is zirconium oxide.
 38. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 29, wherein an oxidation catalyst isused with said oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst,said oxidation catalyst being selected from the group consisting ofpalladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide, and mixtures thereof.
 39. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 22, wherein said zeolite is a Y-type zeolite, ZSM-5type zeolite or Beta type zeolite.
 40. A low sidestream smoke cigaretteof clam 29, wherein said oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidationcatalyst is a porous particulate solid solution of cerium/zirconiumwhich is preferably a mixed oxide high surface area material.
 41. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 40, wherein zirconium oxide and/or azeolite are used in combination with said cerium/zirconium mixed oxide.42. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 41, wherein an oxidationcatalyst is used with said cerium/zirconium metal oxide, zirconium oxideand/or zeolite.
 43. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 42,wherein said oxidation catalyst is selected from the group consisting ofpalladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide,manganese oxide, and mixtures thereof, said selected oxidation catalystbeing either incorporated in said solid solution of cerium/zirconiummixed oxide or applied to surfaces of particulate cerium/zirconium mixedoxide, zirconium oxide and/or zeolite.
 44. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 42, wherein said zeolite is a Y-type zeolite.
 45. Alow sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 20, wherein said treatmentcomposition is applied as a coating to cigarette paper, said coatingcomposition including a metal oxide or carbonate selected from the groupconsisting of zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminumoxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calciumcarbonate, zirconium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and mixturesthereof.
 46. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 20, wherein saidcombustible treatment paper comprises an inner sheet and an outer sheet,said inner sheet comprises said treatment composition for reducingsidestream smoke, said outer layer comprising a treatment compositionfor modifying ash characteristics.
 47. A low sidestream smoke cigaretteof claim 46, wherein said inner paper has greater than 35% by weight ofa zeolite material.
 48. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48,wherein said inner paper and outer paper have said treatment compositioncoated, incorporated or impregnated thereon or therein.
 49. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein said inner paper hassaid sidestream smoke reduction composition incorporated therein.
 50. Alow sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein said inner paper hassaid sidestream smoke reduction composition coated thereon.
 51. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein said inner paper hassaid sidestream smoke reduction composition incorporated and coatedthereon.
 52. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein saidouter paper has said sidestream smoke reduction composition incorporatedthereon.
 53. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein saidouter paper has said sidestream smoke reduction composition coatedthereon.
 54. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 48, wherein saidouter paper has said sidestream smoke reduction composition incorporatedand coated thereon.
 55. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 46said inner paper comprising an oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst with adjunct and a high surface area adsorptivematerial, the outer layer comprising an oxygen storage and donor metaloxide oxidation catalyst with adjunct and metal oxide for modifying ashcharacteristics.
 56. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 55,wherein said treatment composition for reducing sidestream smoke andsaid treatment composition for modifying ash are applied as a coatingsrespectively to said inner sheet and said outer sheet.
 57. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 56, wherein said oxygen storage anddonor metal oxide oxidation catalyst is a porous particulate highsurface area solid solution cerium/zirconium mixed oxide.
 58. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 57, wherein said cerium oxide andsaid zirconium oxide in said solid solution are in a ratio of about 5:95to about 95:5.
 59. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 58, whereinsaid coating is applied to said inner and outer sheets on either or bothsides of each of said sheets.
 60. A low sidestream smoke cigarettecomprising a conventional tobacco rod and a combustible treatment paperhaving a sidestream smoke treatment composition, said treatmentcomposition comprising an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidationcatalyst, an essentially non-combustible high surface area adjunct forsaid catalyst incorporated in said treatment paper and a coating ofcalcium carbonate on an exterior surface of said treatment paper tomodify ash characteristics.
 61. A low sidestream smoke cigarette ofclaim 60, wherein said adjunct includes a zeolite based material.
 62. Alow sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 61, wherein said zeolite basedmaterial is in an amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight of total dryweight composition to about 60% by weight of total dry weightcomposition and preferably less than 25% and most preferably less than15%.
 63. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 60, wherein saidoxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst is selected froma group consisting of transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxidesand mixtures thereof.
 64. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 61,wherein said transition metal oxides are selected from the groupconsisting of oxides of group IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB metals andmixtures thereof.
 65. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 62,wherein said rare earth metal oxide is selected from the groupconsisting of oxides consisting of scandium, yttrium, lanthanide metalsand mixtures thereof.
 66. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 60,wherein said lanthanide metal oxide is selected from the groupconsisting of lanthinum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide,neodymium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 67. A low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 66, wherein said oxygen storage and donor metal oxideoxidation catalyst and adjunct therefor is a solid solution of mixedmetal oxides where the adjuncts are selected from the group consistingof zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide andmixtures thereof.
 68. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of the precedingclaim 67, wherein said solid solution comprises a metal catalystselected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, tinoxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide and mixtures thereof.69. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 68, wherein said solidsolution of mixed metal oxides includes cerium/lanthinum mixed oxides,cerium/zirconium mixed oxides, cerium/aluminum mixed oxides,cerium/magnesium mixed oxides, cerium/titanium mixed oxides,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxides, cerium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium mixed oxide, cerium/zirconium/lanthinum mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/praseodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/lanthinum/pra-seodynium mixed oxide,cerium/zirconium/neodymium mixed oxide.
 70. In a low sidestream smokecigarette of claim 66, said solid solution being a high surface areaporous particulate.
 71. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 66,wherein an oxidation catalyst is used with said oxygen storage and donormetal oxide oxidation catalyst, said oxidation catalyst being selectedfrom the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, tin oxides,copper oxides, iron oxides, manganese oxides, and mixtures thereof. 72.A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 61, wherein said zeolite is aY-type zeolite, ZSM-5 type zeolite or Beta type zeolite.
 73. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of clam 72, wherein said oxygen storage anddonor metal oxide oxidation catalyst is a porous particulatecerium/zirconium mixed oxide high surface area material.
 74. A lowsidestream smoke cigarette of claim 73, wherein an oxidation catalyst isused with said cerium/zirconium mixed oxide, zirconium oxide and/orzeolite.
 75. A low sidestream smoke cigarette of claim 74, wherein saidoxidation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium,platinum, rhodium, tin oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide,and mixtures thereof, said selected oxidation catalyst being eitherincorporated in said solid solution of cerium/zirconium mixed oxide orapplied to surfaces of particulate cerium/zirconium mixed oxide,zirconium oxide and/or zeolite.
 76. A low sidestream smoke cigarette ofclaim 75, wherein said zeolite is a Y-type zeolite.
 77. A low sidestreamsmoke cigarette of claim 60, wherein a binder for said calcium carbonatecoating is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol,starches, CMC, casein, soya, binding clays, inorganic binders andmixtures thereof.